How to Recycle Glass Correctly

May 20, 2023

Learn about the different types of glass and how to recycle them.

Maria Marabito is a writer who specializes in sustainable travel, green living, and food issues. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from West Chester University.

Most types of glass can be recycled an endless number of times without losing purity or quality, but there are a few varieties that should stay out of your recycling bin.

Here we look at the different types of glass, how to recycle them, what glass products are not recyclable, and the many benefits of giving new life to old glass.

One of the key benefits of glass recycling is the low amount of energy required to melt it down for a new purpose. Glass is made from materials like sand, soda ash, limestone, and “cullet” (furnace-ready recycled glass).

Recycled glass is always included in new glass products. According to the Glass Packaging Institute, recycled glass can be substituted for up to 95% of raw materials, which can significantly reduce carbon emissions and trash in landfills.

In 2018, 25% (or 3,060,000 tons) of glass container/packaging waste produced was then recycled, according to Environmental Protection Agency data. If a glass bottle does not get recycled, it is estimated that it will take 1 million years to decompose naturally.

There are certain glass products that cannot be recycled or have to go to a special recycling plant so it is important to know what can and can not go through mainstream glass recycling.

In some municipalities, people are required to separate glass recycling while others can group everything together and paper, plastics, and glass are sorted out later. Either way, when recyclables arrive at a material recovery facility either by curbside pick-up or from a recycling drop-off location, sorting occurs to separate the trash by material type.

Any glass slated for recycling is sent to a glass processing plant where it is sorted again. Glass processing companies employ color sorting to group glass into clear, green, or amber categories. Mixing colors while melting glass can compromise the structure of the finished product which is why color sorting is so important.

Sorted glass then goes through beneficiation to remove any contamination, such as bottle caps, labels, or metals. The glass is then crushed and melted in a furnace at a temperature of 2,600 to 2,800 degrees Fahrenheit.

Once melted, the glass can be poured and molded into the shapes of new bottles, jars, containers, etc. It is estimated that 80% of glass recycled becomes reused in new glass products.

There are 49 glass manufacturing plants and 80 recycled glass processors in the U.S. that participate in this process which results in reduced carbon emissions, raw materials consumption, energy costs, and waste.

Make the processing of glass recycling easier by taking these simple steps while the glass is still in your home:

Roberto / Getty

The food and beverage industry accounts for a large portion of the glass that winds up in glass recycling plants (about 18%).

Clear glass used in containers, bottles, and jars can be recycled. This glass is usually made up of soda lime, the most common form of glass used.

According to Stanford University, glass makes up 5% of garbage in the U.S. and the return on glass recycling is significant in terms of decreasing the usage of new resources; one ton of recycled glass can save 1,330 pounds of sand, 433 pounds of soda, 433 pounds of limestone, and 151 pounds of feldspar during the creation of new glass.

Other types of glass include borosilicate, which has at least 5% of boric oxide and has high-temperature resistance, aluminosilicate, which includes aluminum oxide and great chemical durability, 96% silica glass, a borosilicate glass which is processed to remove the majority of non-silicate ingredients, and fused silica glass, which has pure silicon dioxide and is the most expensive glass.

Glass recycling has become such a big industry that the amount of glass recycled is not meeting the demand for new glass getting produced. Some states have attempted to resolve this situation in hopes of encouraging glass production over plastic by offering monetary incentives for glass.

For example, California has a redemption program where you can earn five cents for most glass bottles as well as plastic bottles and aluminum cans less than 24 ounces. For items over 24 ounces, you can earn 10 cents each.

While glass recycling is very energy efficient, glass needs to be sorted through a color composition process to remove contaminants. Different types and colors of glass have different melting points which is why not all "glass" materials can be recycled through the mainstream, curbside pick-up glass recycling processing.

Glass products such as windows, oven-safe dishes, Pyrex, and mirrors are manufactured differently than cullet-made glass bottles and jars, which is why they cannot be put out for recycling with your standard clear bottles and jars. Items with frosted glass, plate, glass, Pyrex, mirrors, and ceramics are considered contaminants and cause an entire load of glass recycling to be rejected.

Lightbulbs cannot be recycled through your curbside service. In fact, some of them are even considered hazardous waste. Local recycling programs and consumer stores that sell products like lightbulbs, windows, etc. might offer recycling collections. For example, Lowe's has collection bins in its stores for incandescent lightbulbs, batteries, and plastic bags.

Pyrex, which has been specially treated to withstand higher temperatures, makes it incompatible with cullet, and cannot be recycled. According to Pyrex's website, there is currently no recycling process for broken or chipped Pyrex, and they advise customers to dispose of it with normal garbage. However, Treehugger encourages you to reuse your chipped Pyrex for a new purpose (see below).

Windows, including stained glass, laminated, or tempered, have a different chemical composition from standard glass bottles and jars. If your windows are still in good shape, try to donate them to non-profits such as Habitat for Humanity. Special recycling plants can also repurpose window glass in asphalt or fiberglass.

Eyeglasses can usually be recycled by the company that manufactured them. The Lions Club service organization is well known for collecting old eyeglasses and salvaging them for communities and individuals who cannot afford or do not have access to eye care. They collect prescription glasses as well as sunglasses.

Ceramic dishes and other products cannot be recycled at most recycled plants; however, certain companies that handle brick and concrete recycling may accept ceramic items.

Thanks to recent technology, windshield glass (made with laminated glass) can be recycled but not directly to mainstream processing plants. Many auto glassmakers have agreements with special laminated recyclers to process auto glass.

Any of the cullet-acceptable glass that does not meet manufacturing standards does not go to waste. It gets reused in tile, filtration, sandblasting, concrete, and landscaping.

However, any broken glass will be sorted with normal garbage and moved on to the landfill since it is hazardous for workers.

Items like empty glass bottles, jars, and containers are durable materials to use for DIY projects, arts and crafts, storage, gardening, decorations, and much more. Some ideas include:

Water sources. Glass bottles filled with water, flipped upside down, and inserted in the soil can slowly release water.

Decorate your garden. Line beds with bottles or create a mosaic with broken glass to incorporate into a garden path or hang in a greenhouse.

Seedling starter. Lidless jars can be used to start seedlings for a vegetable or flower garden. Why go out and buy seedling containers when you can repurpose items you already have.

Empty jam, sauce, peanut butter, honey, etc. jars can make perfect reusable containers for food storage. Reusing these items can also help you cut down on single-use plastics for food storage.

Empty jars can also be used to store everyday items like paperclips, push pins, nails, craft supplies, etc.

Glass items like wine, beer, and milk bottles can make beautiful centerpieces, vases, or light fixtures. Use paint and twine to customize your decoration further.

Glass can elevate a DIY art project to the next level. With a little creativity, a simple glass bottle or jar can become your newest holiday decoration, candle, centerpiece, maracas, or even toys.

Yes, colored glass can be recycled when it is processed with glass that all has the same color.

The only three colors commonly recycled in glass recycling plants are clear, green, and amber. Once sorted, these color groups can be continuously recycled; green and amber colors have become standardized in glass manufacturing companies.

If you have glass that does not fit these three color categories, it must go to a special recycling center, be disposed of with regular garbage, or be repurposed.

Broken glass is usually not accepted by your curbside service because it creates a hazardous situation for the workers in charge of sorting and processing the glass.

Unfortunately, frosted glass can not be recycled. The frosted effect is created using chemical products that can contaminate the recycling stream.

"Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2018 Tables and Figures." EPA.

"Glass Recycling Facts - Glass Packaging Institute." Gpi.Org.

"Frequently Asked Questions: Glass Recycling | Land, Buildings & Real Estate." Lbre.Stanford.Edu.